Features and Specifications
The W78E052 microcontroller is a member of the 8051 core-based family of microcontrollers manufactured by Nuvoton Technology Corporation. It offers a wide range of features and specifications that make it suitable for various embedded system applications.
- Fully static design 8-bit CMOS microcontroller
- Optional 12T or 6T mode
- Wide supply voltage of 2.4V to 5.5V
- Temperature grade is (-40 C~85 C)
- Pin and Instruction-sets compatible with MCS-51
- 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM
- 16K/8K bytes electrically erasable/programmable Flash EPROM
- 2K bytes LDROM support ISP function
- 64KB program memory address space
- 64KB data memory address space
- Four 8-bit bi-directional ports
- 8-sources, 4-level interrupt capability
- One extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port, additional INT2 / INT3
- Three 16-bit timer/counters
- One full duplex serial port
- Watchdog Timer
- EMI reduction mode
- Software Reset
- Built-in power management with idle mode and power down mode
- Code protection
8051 Core Architecture
The W78E052 is built around the 8051 core, a popular and time-tested 8-bit microcontroller architecture. This core provides a robust and reliable foundation for executing instructions and handling data.
Operating Frequency
The W78E052 microcontroller typically operates at speeds of up to 20 MHz, allowing for efficient execution of instructions and fast data processing.
Memory Configuration
- Program Memory (ROM): The microcontroller comes with an internal ROM of various sizes (e.g., 4KB, 8KB) to store the user's program code.
- Data Memory (RAM): It features internal RAM with sizes ranging from 256 bytes to 512 bytes for storing data during runtime.
- External RAM (XRAM): The W78E052 supports additional external RAM for applications that require extra data storage.
I/O Ports
The microcontroller includes multiple General-Purpose I/O (GPIO) ports that can be individually configured as input or output pins. These ports allow interfacing with external sensors, actuators, and communication devices.
Timers/Counters
The W78E052 integrates one or more 16-bit timers/counters, which can be used for precise timing operations and event counting.
Communication Interfaces
- UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter): The UART allows serial communication with other devices, such as PCs and sensors, using asynchronous data transmission.
- USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter): The USART provides both synchronous and asynchronous communication capabilities, making it versatile for various applications.
- SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): The SPI enables full-duplex synchronous serial communication between the microcontroller and peripheral devices, like sensors and display modules.
- I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): The I2C bus allows multi-master, multi-slave communication, facilitating data exchange between multiple devices within the system.
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
The W78E052 microcontroller is equipped with an integrated ADC module that allows it to convert analog signals from external sensors or devices into digital values for further processing.
Interrupts
The microcontroller supports various interrupt sources that can be used to handle critical events and improve the system's responsiveness to external stimuli.
Power Management
The W78E052 includes power-saving modes to minimize power consumption, making it suitable for low-power and battery-operated applications.
Clock Source Options
The microcontroller supports different clock sources, including an internal oscillator, external crystal, or resonator, providing flexibility in clock configuration based on the application's requirements.
Watchdog Timer
To enhance system reliability, the microcontroller includes a watchdog timer that resets the system if it detects a fault or system failure.
Development Tools
Nuvoton provides a comprehensive development environment, including an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), compiler, and programmer, to facilitate code development and debugging.
W78E052 Pins Description
The W78E052 microcontroller has a set of pins that serve various functions for interfacing with external devices and peripherals. Below is a brief description of the pinout for the W78E052 microcontroller.
![W78E052 Pins/Features Block Diagram]( "W78E052 Pins/Features Block Diagram")
EA - EXTERNAL ACCESS ENABLE
This pin forces the processor to execute out of external ROM. It should be kept high to access internal ROM.
The ROM address and data will not be present on the bus if the EA pin is high and the program counter is within the internal ROM area. Otherwise, they will be present on the bus.
PSEN - PROGRAM STORE ENABLE
PSEN enables the external ROM data onto the Port 0 address/data bus during fetch and MOVC operations. When internal ROM access is performed, no PSEN strobe signal outputs from this pin.
ALE-ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE
ALE is used to enable the address latch that separates the address from the data on Port 0.
RST -RESET
A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.
XTAL1 -CRYSTAL1
This is the crystal oscillator input. This pin may be driven by an external clock.
XTAL2 -CRYSTAL2
This is the crystal oscillator output. It is the inversion of XTAL1.
VSS - GROUND
Ground potential.
VDD - POWER SUPPLY
Supply voltage for operation.
P0.0 - P0.7 - PORT 0
Port 0 is an open-drain bi-directional I/O port. This port also provides a multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external memory.
P1.0 - P1.7 - PORT 1
Port 1 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The bits have alternate functions which are described below:
-
T2 (P1.0): Timer/Counter 2 external count input
-
T2EX (P1.1): Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture control
P2.0-P2.7 - PORT 2
Port 2 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. This port also provides the upper address bits for access to external memory.
P3.0-P3.7 - PORT 3
Port 3 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. All bits have alternate functions, which are described below:
- RXD (P3.0): Serial Port 0 input
- TXD (P3.1): Serial Port 0 output
- INT0 (P3.2): External Interrupt 0
- INT1 (P3.3): External Interrupt 1
- T0 (P3.4): Timer 0 External Input
- T1 (P3.5): Timer 1 External Input
- WR (P3.6): External Data Memory Write Strobe
- RD (P3.7): External Data Memory Read Strobe
P4.0-P4.3 - PORT 4 (not available in PDIP package)
Another bit-addressable bidirectional I/O port P4. P4.3 and P4.2 are alternative function pins. It can be used as a general I/O port or external interrupt input source (INT2/INT3).